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粮食是指烹饪食品中，作为主食的各种植物种子总称，也可概括称为“谷物”。粮食有基本是属于禾本科植物，所含營養物質主要為醣類，主要是澱粉，其次是蛋白質。
联合国粮食及农业组织（下称粮农组织）的粮食概念就是指谷物，包括麦类、粗粮和稻谷类三大类。
粮食主要包括：
此外尚有作为补充主食用的粮食作物：
[编辑] 生产
The following table shows annual production of major cereal grains, in 1961[1] and 2005, ranked by 2005 production.[2] All but buckwheat and quinoa are true grasses (these two are pseudocereals).
| Grain |
2005 (Mt) |
1961 (Mt) |
| 玉米 |
711,762,871 |
205,004,683 |
A staple food of peoples in North America, South America, and Africa and of livestock worldwide; often called "corn" or "Indian corn" in North America, Australia, and New Zealand. |
| 小麦 |
630,556,602 |
222,357,231 |
The primary cereal of temperate regions |
| 稻[3] |
621,588,528 |
284,654,697 |
The primary cereal of tropical regions |
| 大麦 |
139,220,431 |
72,411,104 |
Grown for malting and livestock on land too poor or too cold for wheat |
| 高粱 |
59,722,088 |
40,931,625 |
Important staple food in Asia and Africa and popular worldwide for livestock |
| 小米 |
30,302,450 |
25,703,968 |
A group of similar but distinct cereals that form an important staple food in Asia and Africa. |
| 燕麦 |
24,032,521 |
49,588,769 |
Formerly the staple food of Scotland and popular worldwide for livestock |
| 裸麦 |
15,202,142 |
35,109,990 |
Important in cold climates |
| Triticale |
12,962,777 |
0 |
Hybrid of wheat and rye, grown similarly to rye |
| Buckwheat |
2,127,823 |
2,478,596 |
Used in Europe and Asia. Major uses include various pancakes and groats |
| Fonio |
284,578 |
178,483 |
Several varieties of which are grown as food crops in Africa |
| Quinoa |
58,443 |
32,435 |
Ancient pseudocereal, grown in the Andes |
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